Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) technology converts solid biomass such as wood residues or by-products from food production into liquid fuels. In the first step, the biomass is transformed into synthesis gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen through high-temperature gasification. The synthesis gas is then cleaned, conditioned, and converted into liquid hydrocarbons through catalytic synthesis processes such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis or methanol synthesis. These products can subsequently be refined into fuels such as sustainable aviation fuel. Although the technology based on woody residual biomass is already technically mature, production costs are still relatively high. However, with increasing demand and larger production scales, BtL is expected to play a key role in the decarbonization of the transport sector. One major advantage of the BtL pathway compared to the Power-to-Liquid route is its very low electricity demand, as most of the required energy is derived directly from the biomass itself. This makes BtL particularly well suited for countries in the Global South. Without compromising access to sustainable electricity for local populations, underutilized residual biomass can be transformed into valuable resources, while creating new jobs in the collection and pre-processing of biomass residues. In 2023 and 2024, we used the Syngas-Plattform Vienna to successfully produce synthetic crude oil from 25 tons of cashew nut shells sourced from Côte d’Ivoire and 20 tons of coconut shells from Indonesia — both world firsts. Through these projects, we were able to demonstrate that these biomass residues are highly suitable feedstocks for BtL technology.